Fetal doppler echocardiography is an ultrasound examination that can provide detailed information on the condition of the heart and large blood vessels of the heart, as well as the speed of blood flow through these structures with the help of ultrasonic waves and doppler effects. This review is performed by a specialist in pediatric patients, a subspecialist of cardiology, only when there are clear reasons (indications) – the examination is not performed routinely in any pregnancy. It is most commonly done between the 18th and 24th week of pregnancy.
INDICATIONS / WHY IT IS DONE?
• If there is evidence of a heart failure in a mother, father, brother or sister.
• If the family has information on hereditary genetic diseases of the type of Marfan syndrome or tubercular sclerosis.
• If the fetus during a routine ultrasound examination is suspected a genetic disorder, an anomaly of the heart, or any other anomalies.
• When invasive methods-biopsy of chorionic arteries / amniocentesis / cordocentesis shows a pathological finding.
• When prenatal tests performed in the first trimester or ultrasound measurement of the fetal neck (nuchal translucency) showed a pathological finding.
• If the mother suffers from diabetes, phenyletonuria, autoimmune diseases – systemic lupus erythematosus, etc. If the mother was taking certain medications (based on isorectin or lithium) or alcohol during pregnancy.
• If a primary infection with rubella or cytomegalovirus (CMV) is detected during pregnancy.
• If a heart rhythm of the fetus is seen during ultrasound examination.
HOW IT IS PERFORMED?
• The examination is done by the doctor who puts the probe on the mother’s abdomen. The probe is a small plastic device that sends and receives ultrasonic waves. During the examination, a doctor changes his place on the abdomen where he sets the probe and the angle under which he sets in order to obtain a more precise image of the different structures.
• During the examination, the doctor sees all the heart structures: anterior chambers, chambers, large blood vessels of the heart. It also looks at the position of the heart inside the chest and its size. In addition to the standard ultrasound examination, other types of ultrasound examinations are also used: pulse Doppler, Doppler color, “Doppler” power … They are used to assess blood flow through the heart cavity, the speed and rhythm of cardiac work, the direction of blood movement in the heart, between different structures.
POTENTIAL RISKS
Fetal echocardiography does not pose a threat to either the mother or the baby.
PREPARATION
• The examination takes a little longer than a normal ultrasound examination, because more detailed analysis is required, but it does not require any preparation or stay in the hospital.
• If you have previous medical records or recordings, you must take them with you and show your doctor.
AFTER THE REVIEW
After the review, you can return to normal daily activities.